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Fervo 的犹他州地热电站开始向电网输送清洁电力

Fervo’s Utah Geothermal Plant Starts Sending Clean Power To The Grid

IEEE Spectrum 原文署名:Maria Gallucci原文发布:2026年10月12日 21:00 · 北京时间

以下为原文逐段中文翻译,保留图表与说明。AI 翻译并经 AI 对照复核,仍可能存在错误;核对数据和引用时请同时查看原文。译文发布:2026年10月17日 06:30(北京时间)。

本文最初由 Canary Media 发表。

地热初创公司 Fervo Energy 如今正从其位于犹他州的 Cape Station 项目向电网售电——这是全球首个实现这一壮举的公用事业规模的新一代地热设施。

这家总部位于休斯顿的公司上周晚些时候启用了一个初始33兆瓦机组,此后一直在测试并逐步提高发电量。周四,Fervo 将正式启动商业运营,向加利福尼亚州的零售电力供应商 Shell Energy 供应无碳电力。

Cape Station 是一个耗资20亿美元、最终将达到500兆瓦的项目,在世界商业地热电站中独树一帜。其他设施利用天然存在的热水和蒸汽,而 Fervo 则在地下深处自行开采地热资源。这家初创公司利用石油和天然气行业的钻探技术,在高温干燥的岩层中建造储层,产生蒸汽来发电。

“传统地热在犹他州南部根本不可能实现,”Fervo 高级副总裁兼开发与商业市场主管道恩·欧文斯(Dawn Owens)说。

随着首个机组并网,Fervo 表示正努力在2027年1月1日前投运另外两个33兆瓦的电力区块。该项目剩余的400兆瓦——得到与 Google 达成的一项新协议支持——正在建设中,计划于2028年并网。

Fervo 的新一代地热之旅

Fervo 已在内华达州运营一座3.5兆瓦的商业试点电站,该电站于2023年底并网。欧文斯表示,这座名为 Project Red 的试点电站对于展示技术本身很重要。但 Cape Station 的启动证明了 Fervo 的方法能够达到公用事业规模,并向更广阔的市场输送电力。

“这对 Fervo 和整个地热行业都意义重大,”她说。

Fervo 于今年5月上市,正引领着一场快速发展的运动,即开发清洁、全天候的地热电力,以满足数据中心激增的需求,并平衡日益增长的间歇性太阳能和风能供应。近年来,新一代地热公司已筹集数十亿美元的私人资本,用于开发和部署能够在恶劣、深层环境中获取能源的技术。

一个高而细的脚手架,周围环绕着储罐,从沙漠中凸出
图表来源:原始发布机构

在犹他州比弗县(Beaver County)的 Fervo Energy Cape Station 地热电站,钻探仍在继续,该公司计划将产量提升至500兆瓦。Fervo Energy

如今,地热仅占美国年度总发电量的0.4%。专家表示,要扩大地热在能源结构中的份额,不仅需要建设更多像 Cape Station 这样的项目,还需要应对高昂的前期钻探成本以及其他经济和监管障碍——同时还要努力限制对社区和环境的潜在影响。

“Fervo 的首个发电成就向投资者展示了未来在众多开发商和场址中推动更多此类里程碑的机遇规模与范围,”担任山地西部地热联盟(Mountain West Geothermal Consortium)电网负责人的米切尔·史密斯(Mitchell Smith)说。这项两党倡议呼吁增加公共和私人融资,“以负责任的方式并按照需求的速度帮助更多项目并网,”他补充道。

增强型地热能源变得更便宜

Fervo 拒绝披露其在建和未来开发项目的购电协议条款,这些项目合计约1000兆瓦,足以每年为约100万户美国家庭供电。该公司此前告诉 Canary Media,Cape Station 第一阶段将以每千瓦7000美元的价格供电,而第二阶段应为每千瓦5500美元。(相比之下,2025年建设一座天然气发电厂的平均成本为每千瓦2157美元。)

研究人员称,除了削减钻探成本外,增强型地热项目还可以通过在电力对公用事业公司最有价值时供电来改善其经济效益。传统地热电站通常提供全天候的基荷电力,而新一代设施可能在某些时段灵活运行——例如在太阳能发电量下降的傍晚——以降低整体电网成本。欧文斯说,地热电站还可以“在表后”运行,直接为数据中心供电,这样新增电力容量的成本就不会转嫁给公用事业客户。

“我们一直都说,我们的技术能让地热在更多地方更具可扩展性和可负担性,”她说。谈到 Cape Station 的并网发电,她补充道,“这是任何新一代地热公司此前都从未能够做到的事情。”

展开英文原文 · 与中文逐段对应

Fervo’s Utah Geothermal Plant Starts Sending Clean Power To The Grid

This article was originally published by Canary Media.

The geothermal startup Fervo Energy is now selling power to the grid from its Cape Station project in Utah—marking the first time a utility-scale, next-generation geothermal facility has achieved such a feat worldwide.

The Houston-based firm turned on an initial 33-megawatt unit late last week and has been testing and ramping up output since. On Thursday, Fervo will officially begin commercial operations, supplying carbon-free electricity to Shell Energy, a retail power provider in California.

Cape Station, a $2 billion project that will eventually be 500 MW, is unique among the world’s commercial geothermal plants. While other facilities draw on naturally occurring hot water and steam, Fervo has engineered its own geothermal resource deep underground. The startup uses drilling techniques from the oil and gas industry to create reservoirs in hot, dry rocks that generate steam to produce electricity.

“Traditional geothermal would have never been done in southern Utah,” says Dawn Owens , Fervo’s senior vice president and head of development and commercial markets.

With the first unit online, Fervo sa ys it is working to commission two more 33-MW power blocks by 1 Jan uary , 2027. The project’s remaining 400 MW—which is supported by a new agreement with Google —is under construction and slated to come online in 2028.

Fervo’s Next-Generation Geothermal Journey

Fervo already operates a 3.5-MW commercial pilot plant in Nevada, which went online in late 2023. Owens sa ys the pilot, called Project Red, was important for demonstrating the technology itself. But firing up Cape Station proves that Fervo’s approach can achieve utility scale and export power to wider markets.

“This is massive for both Fervo and the geothermal industry at large,” she sa ys .

Fervo, which went public in May, is leading the fast-growing movement to develop clean, always-on geothermal power to meet soaring demand from data centers and balance growing supplies of intermittent solar and wind energy. Next-generation geothermal firms have raised billions of dollars in private capital in recent years to develop and deploy technologies that can harness energy in harsh, deep environments.

A tall, thin scaffold surrounded by tanks protrudes from the desert
图表来源:原始发布机构

Drilling continues at Fervo Energy’s Cape Station geothermal plant in Beaver County, Utah, where the company plans to ramp up production to 500 MW. Fervo Energy

Today, geothermal represents just 0.4 percent of total U.S. electricity generation every year. Expanding geothermal’s share of the mix will require not just building more projects like Cape Station but also tackling high upfront drilling costs and other economic and regulatory barriers —all while working to limit potential impacts on communities and the environment, experts say.

“Fervo’s first power achievement shows investors the size and scale of the opportunity to fuel many more such milestones across developers and sites in the future,” sa ys Mitchell Smith , who serves as grid lead for the Mountain West Geothermal Consortium. The bipartisan initiative is calling for increased public and private financing “ to help bring more projects online responsibly and at the speed of demand,” he added.

Enhanced Geothermal Energy Gets Cheaper

Fervo has declined to disclose the terms of its power purchase agreements for in-progress and future development, which together represent about 1,000 MW, or enough to power roughly 1 million U.S. homes every year. Phase 1 of Cape Station is set to deliver power at $7,000 per kilowatt, while Phase 2 should come at $5,500 per k ilowatt , the company previously told Canary Media. (By comparison, the average cost to build a natural gas–fired power plant was $2,157 per kilowatt in 2025.)

Along with slashing drilling costs, enhanced geothermal projects could improve their economics by delivering power when it’s most valuable to utilities, according to researchers . While geothermal plants traditionally provide around-the-clock, baseload power, next-generation facilities might operate flexibly during certain periods—like in the evening, when solar output declines—to reduce overall grid costs. Geothermal plants could also operate “ behind the meter” to directly power data centers so that the costs of adding new electricity capacity aren’t passed on to utility customers, Owens sa ys .

“We’ve been saying all along that our technology makes geothermal more scalable and affordable in more places,” she says. On Cape Station’s powering-up, she adds, “That’s just something no next-generation geothermal company has ever been able to do before.”

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地热初创企业Fervo Energy开始从其位于犹他州的Cape Station项目向电网售电,这是全球首个实现这一目标的公用事业规模新一代地热设施。这家总部位于休斯顿的公司上周晚些时候启动首台33兆瓦机组,此后持续测试并提升发电量;周四正式投入商业运营,向加州零售电力供应商壳牌能源供应无碳电力。Cape Station总投资20亿美元,最终装机将达500兆瓦,在世界商业地热电站中独具特色:其他电站利用天然存在的热水与蒸汽,而Fervo利用油气行业的钻探技术在地下深处自建地热资源。

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